Courageous Athletes and the Gender Barrier :: Sociology Essays Research Papers

Courageous Athletes and the Gender Barrier Sports have always maintained barriers concerning the gender of the athletes. Women as well as men have been discriminated in sports, which have for so long been defined as a one-sex sport. For example, boxing had long been considered a sport for males only. Another example is gymnastics, which is usually considered a feminine sport, but also have male participants. However, although sports in general have come a long way in sex discrimination, keeping itself under water, it still remains a consistent problem lurking its ugly head above. There still remains costs towards those individuals who are brave enough to challenge the system , but can there also be benefits for those individuals entering a non-traditional sport? There are many costs that both men and women must face if they want to take the challenge of entering a non-traditional sport for their gender. First, they have to bare the discrimination and criticism from the members of that sport, the press, and society. Everyone will look down on them for being "different." The press will make a mockery of them on television, in newspapers and in magazines. The spectators who go out to see that sport will not support them in what they are trying to accomplish. The only support the athlete will find is, hopefully, their friends and family. Another cost that the athlete will have to overcome is society's question in their sexual orientation. Everyone will think that the reason the athlete is entering in a non-traditional sport for their gender is because they are gay. For example, the press used to print articles constantly concerning Martina Navratilova's sexual orientation. Even though it wasn't until later that Navratilova announced that she was gay, the press would constantly berate her for her sexuality. Martina Navratilova's struggles are common for many athletes who have dared to compete in sports that were not traditionally "proper" for their gender. These are only a few costs that athletes have to face entering a non-traditional sport. However, although there exists many costs, there are also benefits for challenging sport's prejudices. Although the majority of society will consider the actions of the athlete as demeaning and improper to the sport, there will be a small minority of people who will think of this athlete as a hero and respect their dreams. Whether it is because these men or women also have the same dreams, or because they respect the athlete's courage, the minority will give the athlete a reason to keep going.

Pillowman Review Essay

The team of San- Jacinto central college performed the play â€Å"The Pillow man† originally written by Martin McDonough on 2003 in the Powell Arena Theatre. The play was about the tale of Katurian, a fiction writer who was interrogated by the two detectives Ariel and Tupoloski regarding the unpleasant stories of children written by Katurian. The content of Katurian’s stories was similar to the murder of the different children in the town, so they were suspected of the case. The play was performed on the black-box theatre, which was modified into the upthrust stage. The stage was good enough to support some specific part of the play like the background family scene that was provided when Katurian was narrating the story. The audiences sitting on raised stages on the three sides were able to relate the Katurian’s narration with the background scene. The opening moments of this play are superlatively funny, thanks to the interaction between Katurian and his two cap tors, a Detective named Tupolski (Joe Franco) and a policeman named Ariel (Richard Turner). Tupolski seems to be the epitome of quiet, industrial effectiveness, whereas Ariel (the winged indentured servant in The Tempest?) is very tightly wound, and more than eager to jump his prisoner and beat him senseless. Though all the characters were good to perform their assigned roles, I personally appreciate the role of Michal, performed by Aaron Alford, a freshman student of San Jacinto College. Just as the script says Michal was little slow to get the things, Alford did exactly the same throughout the play. As well, this character has added some comedy flavors in the play like itching ass etc. He made us laugh most of the time. The sound factor of the play was good. The crying sound from the background was really natural that attracted the attention of the audiences like me. It made to feel like somebody was really tortured there. There was a special sound effect in the play relating to the homicide and torture. Mr. Brian Hamlin did the very good job as a director and fight director. The play was directed so well. All the cast and crew do their best to execute the play. Most of the casting members were professional and graduate students interested in theatre. The two plays that I watched during this semester â€Å"The Pillowman† and â€Å"KOYAANISQATSI†. The opening scene of â€Å"The Pillowman† and â€Å"KOYAANISQATSI† both were really good. Among these two play I like â€Å"KOYAANISQATSI† better because the Hopi Indian chanter played really well. Also, action was well executed on â€Å"Star Blood† on â€Å"KOYAANISQATSI† rather than interrogating on â€Å"The Pillowman†. Lighting was well executed on â€Å"â€Å"KOYAANISQATSI† and sound effects on â€Å"The Pillowman† To sum it up, the play was good enough to entertain. I can make a consensus that the script of the play was well written. The characters were giving just the satisfaction to the superior script of the play. It was worth watchin g.

Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology - 1299 Words

From a modern perspective, we can see that the results were produced by the hypnotic suggestion of a fluid draining from the body, a wonderful healing metaphor that wouldn’t be out of place in a 21st century hypnotherapy practice. Even Mesmer realized that the magnet had nothing to do with the cure. His system rested on the belief that illness was caused by depleted levels of animal magnetism, and that these could be replenished by the healer transmitting some of his own abundant magnetic force across the ether to the patient. The magnet was simply a device that allowed this to happen, along with the complex and lengthy sequence of hand gestures and touch known as the â€Å"mesmeric pass† (Kirsch et.al., 1995). Psychoanalysis was introduced by†¦show more content†¦From the period of 1895 to roughly 1905, Freud s innovations led to the development of his theory, all of which were developed from his clinical work with patients. Initially theoretical formulations led to the topographic model of the psyche, which Freud categorized into three different subsections: the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious. Further, Freud became more and more sophisticated in his technique of psychoanalysis, and he became particularly adept at using his patient’s subjective impressions of him to help the patient to discover the origins of the unconscious memories which led to the symptoms from which she suffered. Freud developed a theory that patients resisted remembering the trauma, and this resistance was evident in disruptions of the free association process. Such disruptions constituted what Freud called defenses, and, most notably, the defenses involved what Freud called transference, the transference of conflictual thoughts and feelings to the analyst. Freud also came to acknowledge that unconscious events are traceable in other phenomena, as well, including dreams, slips of the tongue, and in jokes (Antonacopoulou Gabriel, 2001). From his work with patients, Freud was eventually led to develop a more and more sophisticated theory of the human psycheShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology942 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud continues to be the subject of conversation in the field of psychology. The conversations seem to lead to Freud versus another imperative person in the field, such as B.F. Skinner. According to Overskeid (2007) most research articles focus on the difference between the two. Here the author takes a different approach, looks at similarities within the psychanalysis dynamics. The two agreed upon human predicament that people are controlled by forces which they are not conscious (OverskeidRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1233 Words   |  5 Pages Sigmund Freud is the idealist that concepted the idea of verbal psychotherapy, Freudian Psychology. His theories of psychoanalysis are based upon understand the unconscious mind. His ideals portray that there are three key components that are responsible for a human beings personality. These compon ents include id, ego and superego. Freud s major contributions to todays society and study of psychology are his theories on the unconscious mind, dreams, libido, infantile sexuality, repression and transferenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesPsychoanalysis is an approach to psychology that was made well known as a way to bring for the unconscious to the conscious. It is theorized that the memories that we store in our unconscious affects us, and can cause neurotic behaviors. The approaches also include Analytical, Individual. Three people that worked on these theories are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each of these men approached psychoanalysis in both similar and individual ways, and have their own theories that will be furtherRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words   |  5 PagesLuwanna Perry Theories Counseling 06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800’s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. â€Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as anRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1568 Words   |  7 Pages Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesAt the start psychology was not a science; it was ‘made up’. In pre-historic age it was believed any behaviour that swayed from ‘the norm’ was due to demonic spirits possessing the brain. Advances in treatments and medicine, allow us to recognise how barbarous this belief was. The progress of these advances was clear by the opening of the first experimental laboratory in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt’s establishment of psychology as an academic discipline exaggerated how obsolete the pr evious wayRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud, originally a neurologist, is a well-known psychologist that developed the field of psychoanalytic psychology. Although he died in 1939 his theories and practices live on and many psychologists will still consult Freud’s ideas when faced with specific cases. Freud was a firm believer in the notion that sex and aggression is the root of motivation for all human behavior and many people agree with him, but one of his former collogues, Alfred Adler, would come to disagree with this ideaRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1939 Words   |  8 Pagesdevelopments in psychology that support the where our development into each stage come from. For starters there’s Sigmund Freud, a main contributor to psychology (neurologist), that believed there is a specific order in the stages of development. His stages are called Psychosexual Stages of Development. The Five stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital. (As seen in Figure 1) These developments are more on the physical side to growing into puberty and so on. Freuds ideas are the first

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd; Emphysema) Patho

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD; Emphysema) Pathophysiology Abakyereba Kwansemah June 4, 2014 Abstract D.Z.is a 65-year-old man admitted to medical ward with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; emphysema). Past medical history (PMH) indicates hypertension (HTN), well managed with enalapril (Vasotec) past six years, diagnosis (Dx) of pneumonia yearly for the past three years. D.Z. appears cachectic with difficulty breathing at rest. Patient reports productive cough with thick yellow-green sputum. He seems anxious and irritable during subjective data collection. He states, he has been a 2-pack-a-day smoker for 38 years. He complains of (c/o) insomnia and†¦show more content†¦It includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and in some cases asthma (NIH.NHLBI, 2012). Emphysema as stated by American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) is an abnormal enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and does occur in the lung parenchyma in COPD patients (AARC, 2011; Rosdahl Kowalski, 2003). As a result of emphysema there is a significant loss of alveolar attachments, which contributes to peripheral airway collapse. There are two major types of emphysema according to the distribution within the acinus and they are; (i) centrolobular emphysema which involves dilatation and destruction of the respiratory bronchioles; and (ii) panlobular emphysema which involves destruction of the whole of the acinus. According to theory, centrolobular is the most common type of emphysema in COPD and is more prominent in the upper zones, while panlobular predominates in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and is more prominent in the lower zones. In relation to patients D.Z. with emphysema, the walls between the tiny air sacs in the lungs are damaged due to long-term cigarette smoking effect on his lungs as evidenced by patient c/o difficulty breathing at rest and productive cough with thick yellow-green sputum r/t a

How Buddhism Has Impacted The World - 860 Words

Throughout time, Buddhism has impacted the world. Whether Buddhism is shaping culture or the culture is shaping Buddhism they both allow other influences to impact each other. Examples like the four noble truths and the two sub groups, Theravada and Mahayana, both showed how they impact Buddhism. Also, Hinduism had a big effect on Buddhism. The 4 Noble truths are the most basic teachings in Buddhism. The first of the 4 noble truths is that ordinary life brings about suffering. The second Noble truth tells us that the origin of suffering is attachment. In order to end suffering we have to stop craving. The third Noble truth is that suffering will end when your sense of craving is able to be overcome so you are able to achieve Nirvana. The forth Noble truth tells us about Eightfold Path and that if we follow it, we can end our suffering and achieve Nirvana. The Eighth Fold Pass features eight ideas that will help you achieve Nirvana if done correctly. The steps are â€Å"Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration.† These beliefs are the rules that all Buddhists follow to some extent. Buddha also taught that everything is marked by one of three different characteristics called the Marks of reality. The first mark of reality is the constant change. What this means is that nothing that exists has a stable identity so there is not a now or present because as soon as it becomes now it isShow MoreRelatedBuddhism : A Of The Major Religions With An Intricate History Of System And Beliefs3037 Words   |  13 PagesBuddhism is one of the major religions with an intricate history of system and beliefs. Siddhartha Gautama also known as Buddha â€Å"the awakened one†, the founder and leader of the Buddhism, lived from the periods of 566 BC to 480 BC (Buswell). Siddhartha Gautama was an Indian warrior king’s son so he lived a lavish life as he was the prince of the warrior caste. He got bored of his extravagant life as he lived on and went into the world to search and explore it for understanding. He wondered what happenedRead MoreThe Mon Buddhist Monastery1236 Words   |  5 Pages I. As a scholar taking the class ‘Introduction to World Religions†, I had the opportunity to take part in a culture that is not normally found in the western world. I entered the Mon Buddhist Monastery in Akron, Ohio on October 2nd, 2016 only to be amazed at their way of life. Going into the temple, I knew of the basic religious practices and traditions that the monks and Buddhists had participated in daily. When I was coming up to the monastery, it did not look like anything other than an old brickRead MoreThe Downfall Of The Roman Empire1323 Words   |  6 Pages After the major downfall of the Roman Empire, much of the world that was once united by trade and wealth would now experience a time of constant war and plague. Much of the attacks and decay, had greatly influence many people form of thinking, bringing up their insecurity index and uncertainty of what is to come. Religion has offered many people with new hope, in which if they abide by what god has told them t o do, they will have a chance in the afterlife. With an array of new leaderships/chiefdomsRead MoreComparing The Religions Of Hinduism And Buddhism Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesExam II #2. Compare and contrast the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. What were the essential differences between the two? What hope did they give to the common people of India ? Both Hinduism and Buddhism are prominent religions in the ancient and modern world. They are arguably two of the most popular polytheistic faiths as well. Most people make the mistake of grouping them as one uniform religion, but this is inaccurate. Buddhism and Hinduism do split some resemblance, but several aspectsRead MoreReligion and Violence Essay examples1081 Words   |  5 PagesConflict and violence is around us throughout the world and the mass media has made a huge impact of what we think of violence and the relation to religion, especially in the last couple of years. In addition violence has been considered as being part of human nature and comes from our biological structure of aggression. It is an out let for us to relieve stress levels and some believe that it can be a device of vengeance and a positive mechanism to human survival. For example it is a system forRead More Siddhartha the Life of a Prophet Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism was brought to light abo ut 500 BC by Siddhartha Gautama. Buddhism has not been described as a religion as such but rather as philosophy. The story of Siddhartha Gautama and how he brought Buddhism to limelight is quite moving. In this essay the thoughts of Siddhartha Gautama are explained and how the society reacted to his arguments. Generally this essay will briefly describe the achievements of Siddhartha Gautama in his quest to attain enlightenment and how that impacted the society ofRead MoreThe True Beauty Of Religion1617 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization, religious practices and rituals have greatly impacted various societies around the world. Religion is intertwined with almost every aspect of life, ranging from culture, to politics and can even be found in basic social interactions. Regardless of how religious one may be the impact it has on each individual’s life is significant. The true beauty of religion is the fact that there is no set definition, allowing for each region of the world to interpret and practice their beliefs in their ownRead MoreEssay on Religion in a Multicultural World1291 Words   |  6 PagesReligion In a multicultural world where language, traditions and culture differ from country to country there is one thing that may be deemed to be true and this is that religion is the centre point for most of them. So then what exactly is religion? And how can you define it? In this paper I will be analysing and considering the different definitions that have been proposed by Victoria S. Harrison in her article â€Å"The pragmatics of defining religion in a multi-cultural world† and what I consider toRead MoreThe And Indian Passage Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferences, including time, place, and overall objective, there is one main similarity between them all. Religion made these societies stronger, by providing a strong moral code, that includes how to live a successful life in that community. Show To show how religion impacted these societies, I would first show how religion played a big part in all these communities, first starting with the Mesopotamian literature â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†. The â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†, is a biblical story in Genesis 6, whichRead MoreChanges Continuities of Silk Road Essay630 Words   |  3 PagesThe Silk Road which started in 200 BCE and ended it in 1450 CE has its own changes and continuities. Trade flourished between the Asian and Europe at the time and as time went on its sole purpose of trading expanded to many other purposes and affect not only the area it contacted. Although there were many continuities during the time but it has more significant changes that occurred and also impact the world. One significant changes of the Silk Road is when it was first started it mainly started

Personal Liability of Directors-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Advise the various creditors as to their rights to recover their Debts. 2.Is the Company bound to perform its Obligations under this Contract. Answers: 1.There are number of ways through which creditor can recover the payment of a debt from individual who refuses or cannot pay the debt. It is necessary that individuals must be aware of their rights and obligations related to the recovery of debt. Section 197 of the Corporation Act 2001 deal with the personal liability of directors in discharging the liabilities incurred by trustee companies. There is famous case law in this regard Hanel v. ONeill[1]. It was the first case which considers the scope and circumstances of directors liability in pursue of this section. December 2003, South Australian Supreme Court state the various interpretations related to this section. The net result of this interpretation is that, number of directors of trustee companies faced uncertainty related to their potential personal liabilities. The corporation Act 2001 imposes additional responsibility on the directors of the company which act as trustee of the company. Generally, trustees of the company have right to indemnity against the assets and property of the trust for the purpose of discharging companies liability which they incurred as trustee of the company. However, in case it is not possible to call the right of indemnity then Corporation Act impose this liability on the directors of the trustee company, for any unsatisfied liabilities which is incurred by company in its capacity as trustee. Therefore, Section 197 of the Act imposes potential liability on a director of the company when it incurs liability while acting as trustee of the company[2]. In other words, directors of the corporate trustee will be held personally liable only in case right of indemnity of company as trustee has been lost because of the unfair conduct on the part of the company or because of the restriction in the terms of the trust that purports to deny the right of indemnity. Section 197 of Corporation Act 2001 states that directors of the company are liable for debts and other obligations which incurred by company as trustee, and as per this section if person is a director of the company when company incurs a liability while acting or purporting to act as trustee, then director is liable to discharge whole or a part of the liability if the company: has not discharged or not able to discharged the liability or part of the liability, and is not entitled to be fully indemnified against the liability out of trust assets because of the following reasons that is corporation breach the trust, corporation does not act within the scope of its powers as trustee, and any term of the trust limit or deny the right of company to be indemnified against the liability. The liability of person is extent to both individually or jointly with the corporation and any other person also who is liable under this Subsection. It must be noted that person is not held liable under this subsection just because there are not sufficient assets out of which the corporation can be indemnified. Person is not held liable under subsection (1), if such person would be entitled to have been fully indemnified by any other director against the liability imposed on all the directors of the company been trustees when the liability was incurred. This Section does not apply to a liability incurred outside Australia by a foreign company[3]. This section is not applied to a liability incurred by registered Australian body outside its place of origin, and it is not applied to a corporation that is an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander corporation[4]. In the present case, Michael and Claire smith are the shareholders and directors of Woodcraft Pty Ltd, and this company is the trustee of the Smith Family Trust. On behalf of the trust company runs the business of furniture. As per the trust deed, trustee is authorized to engage in wholesale and retail trade of furniture of all types, kind and nature. Later, Michael and Claire decided to expand the business of the company, and the company order timber of the amount of $20000 from Forest Products Pty Ltd. They borrow $500,000 from Eastpac Bank Ltd from which they purchase the stud, and also borrowed $2,500,000 from National Finance Ltd and purchase a commercial property. Business of the company fails and company becomes unable to pay its debt. Trust owned the assets worth $5000 and directors of the company have substantial assets. Eastpac received the trust deed from the company, before approving the loan of the company. In this case Section 197 is applicable, and as per this section if person is a director of the company when company incurs a liability while acting or purporting to act as trustee, then director is liable to discharge whole or a part of the liability if the company has not discharged the liability or part of the liability, and is not entitled to be fully indemnified against the liability out of trust assets because of the following reasons that is corporation breach the trust, corporation does not act within the scope of its powers as trustee, and any term of the trust limit or deny the right of company to be indemnified against the liability[5]. In this case company is not able to discharge its liability and it is not possible to fully indemnify the liability against the trust because directors of the company do not act within the scope of powers. Therefore, creditors can seek amount from the directors of the company, and directors of the company are personally liable for the debts of the company. 2.Generally, company enters into a contract through an agent with an outsider, and that agent act on behalf of the company. Common law established the indoor management rule in the case of Royal British Bank v. Turquand[6]. In this case, Court allowed the outsider to make the assumption that officer of the company complied with the rules of the company. In this case, directors give the guarantee to their bankers for borrowing the amount, and they did not complying with the requirement related to shareholders approval. Later, company avoids payment on the grounds of getting shareholders approval. In this Court rejected this ground and stated that bank has right to assume that directors of the company complied with the internal rules of the company and borrowings were duly authorized. This decision is known as the "rule in Turquand's case" and latterly as the "Indoor Management Rule". This rule was approved by High Court in case Albert Gardens (Manly) Ltd v. Mercantile Credits Ltd, and High Court make it comments in the case of Northside Developments Pty Ltd v. Registrar-General. Later this case becomes an important consideration for the purpose of this rule because of the comments made in this rule[7][8]. Company made number of contracts while conducting their business operations and those persons who entered into contract on behalf of the company has power to bind the company by their actions. This power to bind the company is known as authority, and authority can be of three types actual, implied, and ostensible. In case, Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd Judges[9] stated that directors of the company have the authority to bind the company, but in case directors of the company does not have authority than there is no contractual relationship between the parties. There are some situations when representative of the company including director who does not have authority to enter into a contract with third party, then in such situations there is no binding contract between the parties and the company because person does not have any authority. Court stated that person who is conducted business with the company must ensure that internal rules of the company are complied. Later, this rule w as considered as inappropriate rule because person including directors who is representing the company is the well-known face of the company and third party has believe that person complied with the rules of the company and because of this consequences are faced by the third party. Therefore, for the purpose of solving this issue Court considered that if third party believes that all internal rules are compiled and representative has the authority to enter into contract then such contract is legally binding on parties[10]. There is exception to this rule that is Doctrine of constructive notice, actual knowledge, due inquiry, and forgery. If any exception is present then party cannot use the indoor management rule as defense. In the present case, Tom is the company secretary of Midas Ltd, and as per the constitution of the company all contracts which are signed on behalf of the company must be approved by the board of directors of the company. Constitution further stated that once contract approved by the board then it must be signed by company secretary or one director of the company. Tom convince jack (director of the company) to enter into a contract for the purpose of purchasing land for the company, and sign the contract with him for the purchase of the site of the company. Both Tom and Jack signed the contract, and later this contract was not approved by the board of directors of the company. In this case, there is binding contract because director and company secretary are authorized to act on behalf of the company and as per this rule if third party believes that all internal rules are compiled and representative has the authority to enter into contract then such contract is legally binding on parties. Therefore, there is binding contract on the company. References Paul james paul Molnar, (2005), Personal liability of directors of corporate trustees, https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2005/june/personal-liability-of-directors-of-corporate-trustees, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Dino Travalgini, (2007). Corporate Recovery: Corporations Act Section 197, https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/54966/Corporate+Commercial+Law/Corporate+Recovery+Corporations+Act+Section+197, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Lang thai, DIRECTORSPERSONAL LIABILITY- IS THE PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO SECTION 197 ACCEPTABLE WHEN COMPARED WITH HANEL V ONEILL?, https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=3cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiMsNG-p7_VAhXC6Y8KHTXaCywQFggvMAIurl=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.deakin.edu.au%2Findex.php%2Fdlr%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F302%2F306usg=AFQjCNERh3KdUWttCsF37QUOBMXCT2Te7w, Accessed on 5th august 2017. Lexology, The 'indoor management rule' explained, https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=469212cf-f6d8-458d-8a5d-2722c5d4ba99, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Austlii, (2002), Protecting Outsiders to Corporate Contracts in Australia, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MurUEJL/2002/22.html, Accessed on 5th August 2017. David morrinson, The Continued Role of the Common Law Indoor Management Rule Due Inquiry Exception, https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_356124/UQ356124_OA.pdf?Expires=1502004654Signature=WCKFylx-o93psyc8EkLQ7akKpP8WPGdU8uGgkVyHZWYfq5QxNsfAAj~WR3qzs9QxWcTVkXfGe0KQEHsc7nOxkpLnfMXWySTxFTAfMQVpKybkR0gSyDs5QW1JhIVyxp370I76zhxJ3pClBbBOD0oCL4TB1YJU0dLJ9KftanMHtlwTYkZ1sWaNYVH1MBqHt83VIP8F6K5qnJBxASqfod1IZxrdoVg1YvXsA32D2KeTOjPyR5-9u7Lq8-2f2HPWtf-VrBqz8NLPAMpdZphngkfmS0UA-pt77qV9oXR0fgvdfpBs~QbdOqIcQ5q4lVjGcKgh-CyRAA6fJX1SPXz-8ytiCg__Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ, Accessed on 5th august 2017. Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1968] 1 QB 549. Hanel v. O'Neill, (2003) 48 ACSR 378; (2004) 22 ACLC 274; (2003) SASC 409 (SC of SA 2003). Royal British Bank v Turquand (1856) 119 ER 886. Corporation Act Hanel v. O'Neill, (2003) 48 ACSR 378; (2004) 22 ACLC 274; (2003) SASC 409 (SC of SA 2003). Paul james paul Molnar, (2005), Personal liability of directors of corporate trustees, https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2005/june/personal-liability-of-directors-of-corporate-trustees, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Corporation Act 2001- Section 197. Dino Travalgini, (2007). Corporate Recovery: Corporations Act Section 197, https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/54966rporate+Commercial+Law/Corporate+Recovery+Corporations+Act+Section+197, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Lang thai, DIRECTORSPERSONAL LIABILITY- IS THE PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO SECTION 197 ACCEPTABLE WHEN COMPARED WITH HANEL V ONEILL?, https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=3cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiMsNG-p7_VAhXC6Y8KHTXaCywQFggvMAIurl=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.deakin.edu.au%2Findex.php%2Fdlr%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F302%2F306usg=AFQjCNERh3KdUWttCsF37QUOBMXCT2Te7w, Accessed on 5th august 2017. Royal British Bank v Turquand (1856) 119 ER 886. 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Music preference and personality free essay sample

Music preference and personality BY Meow New research from around the world suggests that an individuals favorite music genre Is closely linked to his or her personality. Professor Adrian North of Heritor-Watt university, Edinburgh, UK, has undertaken the largest study so far of musical tastes and personality type. He is an expert on music psychology and has carried out extensive research on the social and applied psychology of music, in particular the relationship between pop music culture and deviant behavior in adolescence, music and consumer behavior, and the role of musical preference in everyday life. Over the course of three years, Professor North asked more than 36,000 people In more than 60 countries to rate a wide range of musical styles In order of preference. Certain aspects of personality were also measured by questionnaire. The results showed: Blues fans have high self-esteem, are creative, outgoing, gentle and at ease Jazz fans have high self-esteem, are creative, outgoing and at ease Classical music fans have high self-esteem, are creative, introvert and at ease Rap fans have high self-esteem and are outgoing Opera fans have high self-esteem, are creative and gentleCountry and western fans are hardworking and outgoing Reggae fans have high self-esteem, are creative, not hardworking, outgoing, gentle and at ease Dance fans are creative and outgoing but not gentle Indies fans have low self-esteem, are creative, not hard working, and not gentle Ballyhooed fans are creative and outgoing Rock/heavy metal fans have low self-esteem, are creative, not hard-working, not outgoing, gentle, and at ease Chart pop fans have high self-esteem, are hardworking, outgoing and gentle, but are not creative and not at ease Soul fans have high self- esteem, are creative, outgoing, gentle, and at ease North said he wanted to study why music is such a significant part of peoples identity. We will write a custom essay sample on Music preference and personality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People do actually define themselves through music and relate to other people through it but we havent known in detail how music is connected to identity, he said. We have always suspected a link between music taste and personality. This is the first time that weve been able to look at it In real detail. No one has ever done this on this scale before. People may define their musical Identity by wearing particular clothes, going to retain pubs, and using certain types of slang. So its not so surprising that personality should be related to musical preference. We really got the sense that people were selecting musical styles to like that match their own personality, North said. He believes that his results show why people can get defensive about what they like to listen to, as it is likely to be profoundly linked to their outlook on life.The study also demonstrates the tribal function of musical taste that can explain why people often bond over music. North noted that classical and heavy metal music both attracts listeners with similar personalities but dissimilar ages. Younger members of the personality group apparently go for heavy metal, while their older counterparts prefer classical. However, both have the same basic motivation: to hear something dramatic and theatrical, a shared love of the grandiose, he said. The general public has held a stereotype of heavy metal fans being suicidal depressed and being a things. Aside from their age, theyre basically the same kind of person [as a classical music fan].