Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd; Emphysema) Patho

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD; Emphysema) Pathophysiology Abakyereba Kwansemah June 4, 2014 Abstract D.Z.is a 65-year-old man admitted to medical ward with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; emphysema). Past medical history (PMH) indicates hypertension (HTN), well managed with enalapril (Vasotec) past six years, diagnosis (Dx) of pneumonia yearly for the past three years. D.Z. appears cachectic with difficulty breathing at rest. Patient reports productive cough with thick yellow-green sputum. He seems anxious and irritable during subjective data collection. He states, he has been a 2-pack-a-day smoker for 38 years. He complains of (c/o) insomnia and†¦show more content†¦It includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and in some cases asthma (NIH.NHLBI, 2012). Emphysema as stated by American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) is an abnormal enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and does occur in the lung parenchyma in COPD patients (AARC, 2011; Rosdahl Kowalski, 2003). As a result of emphysema there is a significant loss of alveolar attachments, which contributes to peripheral airway collapse. There are two major types of emphysema according to the distribution within the acinus and they are; (i) centrolobular emphysema which involves dilatation and destruction of the respiratory bronchioles; and (ii) panlobular emphysema which involves destruction of the whole of the acinus. According to theory, centrolobular is the most common type of emphysema in COPD and is more prominent in the upper zones, while panlobular predominates in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and is more prominent in the lower zones. In relation to patients D.Z. with emphysema, the walls between the tiny air sacs in the lungs are damaged due to long-term cigarette smoking effect on his lungs as evidenced by patient c/o difficulty breathing at rest and productive cough with thick yellow-green sputum r/t a

How Buddhism Has Impacted The World - 860 Words

Throughout time, Buddhism has impacted the world. Whether Buddhism is shaping culture or the culture is shaping Buddhism they both allow other influences to impact each other. Examples like the four noble truths and the two sub groups, Theravada and Mahayana, both showed how they impact Buddhism. Also, Hinduism had a big effect on Buddhism. The 4 Noble truths are the most basic teachings in Buddhism. The first of the 4 noble truths is that ordinary life brings about suffering. The second Noble truth tells us that the origin of suffering is attachment. In order to end suffering we have to stop craving. The third Noble truth is that suffering will end when your sense of craving is able to be overcome so you are able to achieve Nirvana. The forth Noble truth tells us about Eightfold Path and that if we follow it, we can end our suffering and achieve Nirvana. The Eighth Fold Pass features eight ideas that will help you achieve Nirvana if done correctly. The steps are â€Å"Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration.† These beliefs are the rules that all Buddhists follow to some extent. Buddha also taught that everything is marked by one of three different characteristics called the Marks of reality. The first mark of reality is the constant change. What this means is that nothing that exists has a stable identity so there is not a now or present because as soon as it becomes now it isShow MoreRelatedBuddhism : A Of The Major Religions With An Intricate History Of System And Beliefs3037 Words   |  13 PagesBuddhism is one of the major religions with an intricate history of system and beliefs. Siddhartha Gautama also known as Buddha â€Å"the awakened one†, the founder and leader of the Buddhism, lived from the periods of 566 BC to 480 BC (Buswell). 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Personal Liability of Directors-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Advise the various creditors as to their rights to recover their Debts. 2.Is the Company bound to perform its Obligations under this Contract. Answers: 1.There are number of ways through which creditor can recover the payment of a debt from individual who refuses or cannot pay the debt. It is necessary that individuals must be aware of their rights and obligations related to the recovery of debt. Section 197 of the Corporation Act 2001 deal with the personal liability of directors in discharging the liabilities incurred by trustee companies. There is famous case law in this regard Hanel v. ONeill[1]. It was the first case which considers the scope and circumstances of directors liability in pursue of this section. December 2003, South Australian Supreme Court state the various interpretations related to this section. The net result of this interpretation is that, number of directors of trustee companies faced uncertainty related to their potential personal liabilities. The corporation Act 2001 imposes additional responsibility on the directors of the company which act as trustee of the company. Generally, trustees of the company have right to indemnity against the assets and property of the trust for the purpose of discharging companies liability which they incurred as trustee of the company. However, in case it is not possible to call the right of indemnity then Corporation Act impose this liability on the directors of the trustee company, for any unsatisfied liabilities which is incurred by company in its capacity as trustee. Therefore, Section 197 of the Act imposes potential liability on a director of the company when it incurs liability while acting as trustee of the company[2]. In other words, directors of the corporate trustee will be held personally liable only in case right of indemnity of company as trustee has been lost because of the unfair conduct on the part of the company or because of the restriction in the terms of the trust that purports to deny the right of indemnity. Section 197 of Corporation Act 2001 states that directors of the company are liable for debts and other obligations which incurred by company as trustee, and as per this section if person is a director of the company when company incurs a liability while acting or purporting to act as trustee, then director is liable to discharge whole or a part of the liability if the company: has not discharged or not able to discharged the liability or part of the liability, and is not entitled to be fully indemnified against the liability out of trust assets because of the following reasons that is corporation breach the trust, corporation does not act within the scope of its powers as trustee, and any term of the trust limit or deny the right of company to be indemnified against the liability. The liability of person is extent to both individually or jointly with the corporation and any other person also who is liable under this Subsection. It must be noted that person is not held liable under this subsection just because there are not sufficient assets out of which the corporation can be indemnified. Person is not held liable under subsection (1), if such person would be entitled to have been fully indemnified by any other director against the liability imposed on all the directors of the company been trustees when the liability was incurred. This Section does not apply to a liability incurred outside Australia by a foreign company[3]. This section is not applied to a liability incurred by registered Australian body outside its place of origin, and it is not applied to a corporation that is an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander corporation[4]. In the present case, Michael and Claire smith are the shareholders and directors of Woodcraft Pty Ltd, and this company is the trustee of the Smith Family Trust. On behalf of the trust company runs the business of furniture. As per the trust deed, trustee is authorized to engage in wholesale and retail trade of furniture of all types, kind and nature. Later, Michael and Claire decided to expand the business of the company, and the company order timber of the amount of $20000 from Forest Products Pty Ltd. They borrow $500,000 from Eastpac Bank Ltd from which they purchase the stud, and also borrowed $2,500,000 from National Finance Ltd and purchase a commercial property. Business of the company fails and company becomes unable to pay its debt. Trust owned the assets worth $5000 and directors of the company have substantial assets. Eastpac received the trust deed from the company, before approving the loan of the company. In this case Section 197 is applicable, and as per this section if person is a director of the company when company incurs a liability while acting or purporting to act as trustee, then director is liable to discharge whole or a part of the liability if the company has not discharged the liability or part of the liability, and is not entitled to be fully indemnified against the liability out of trust assets because of the following reasons that is corporation breach the trust, corporation does not act within the scope of its powers as trustee, and any term of the trust limit or deny the right of company to be indemnified against the liability[5]. In this case company is not able to discharge its liability and it is not possible to fully indemnify the liability against the trust because directors of the company do not act within the scope of powers. Therefore, creditors can seek amount from the directors of the company, and directors of the company are personally liable for the debts of the company. 2.Generally, company enters into a contract through an agent with an outsider, and that agent act on behalf of the company. Common law established the indoor management rule in the case of Royal British Bank v. Turquand[6]. In this case, Court allowed the outsider to make the assumption that officer of the company complied with the rules of the company. In this case, directors give the guarantee to their bankers for borrowing the amount, and they did not complying with the requirement related to shareholders approval. Later, company avoids payment on the grounds of getting shareholders approval. In this Court rejected this ground and stated that bank has right to assume that directors of the company complied with the internal rules of the company and borrowings were duly authorized. This decision is known as the "rule in Turquand's case" and latterly as the "Indoor Management Rule". This rule was approved by High Court in case Albert Gardens (Manly) Ltd v. Mercantile Credits Ltd, and High Court make it comments in the case of Northside Developments Pty Ltd v. Registrar-General. Later this case becomes an important consideration for the purpose of this rule because of the comments made in this rule[7][8]. Company made number of contracts while conducting their business operations and those persons who entered into contract on behalf of the company has power to bind the company by their actions. This power to bind the company is known as authority, and authority can be of three types actual, implied, and ostensible. In case, Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd Judges[9] stated that directors of the company have the authority to bind the company, but in case directors of the company does not have authority than there is no contractual relationship between the parties. There are some situations when representative of the company including director who does not have authority to enter into a contract with third party, then in such situations there is no binding contract between the parties and the company because person does not have any authority. Court stated that person who is conducted business with the company must ensure that internal rules of the company are complied. Later, this rule w as considered as inappropriate rule because person including directors who is representing the company is the well-known face of the company and third party has believe that person complied with the rules of the company and because of this consequences are faced by the third party. Therefore, for the purpose of solving this issue Court considered that if third party believes that all internal rules are compiled and representative has the authority to enter into contract then such contract is legally binding on parties[10]. There is exception to this rule that is Doctrine of constructive notice, actual knowledge, due inquiry, and forgery. If any exception is present then party cannot use the indoor management rule as defense. In the present case, Tom is the company secretary of Midas Ltd, and as per the constitution of the company all contracts which are signed on behalf of the company must be approved by the board of directors of the company. Constitution further stated that once contract approved by the board then it must be signed by company secretary or one director of the company. Tom convince jack (director of the company) to enter into a contract for the purpose of purchasing land for the company, and sign the contract with him for the purchase of the site of the company. Both Tom and Jack signed the contract, and later this contract was not approved by the board of directors of the company. In this case, there is binding contract because director and company secretary are authorized to act on behalf of the company and as per this rule if third party believes that all internal rules are compiled and representative has the authority to enter into contract then such contract is legally binding on parties. Therefore, there is binding contract on the company. References Paul james paul Molnar, (2005), Personal liability of directors of corporate trustees, https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2005/june/personal-liability-of-directors-of-corporate-trustees, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Dino Travalgini, (2007). Corporate Recovery: Corporations Act Section 197, https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/54966/Corporate+Commercial+Law/Corporate+Recovery+Corporations+Act+Section+197, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Lang thai, DIRECTORSPERSONAL LIABILITY- IS THE PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO SECTION 197 ACCEPTABLE WHEN COMPARED WITH HANEL V ONEILL?, https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=3cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiMsNG-p7_VAhXC6Y8KHTXaCywQFggvMAIurl=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.deakin.edu.au%2Findex.php%2Fdlr%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F302%2F306usg=AFQjCNERh3KdUWttCsF37QUOBMXCT2Te7w, Accessed on 5th august 2017. Lexology, The 'indoor management rule' explained, https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=469212cf-f6d8-458d-8a5d-2722c5d4ba99, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Austlii, (2002), Protecting Outsiders to Corporate Contracts in Australia, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MurUEJL/2002/22.html, Accessed on 5th August 2017. David morrinson, The Continued Role of the Common Law Indoor Management Rule Due Inquiry Exception, https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_356124/UQ356124_OA.pdf?Expires=1502004654Signature=WCKFylx-o93psyc8EkLQ7akKpP8WPGdU8uGgkVyHZWYfq5QxNsfAAj~WR3qzs9QxWcTVkXfGe0KQEHsc7nOxkpLnfMXWySTxFTAfMQVpKybkR0gSyDs5QW1JhIVyxp370I76zhxJ3pClBbBOD0oCL4TB1YJU0dLJ9KftanMHtlwTYkZ1sWaNYVH1MBqHt83VIP8F6K5qnJBxASqfod1IZxrdoVg1YvXsA32D2KeTOjPyR5-9u7Lq8-2f2HPWtf-VrBqz8NLPAMpdZphngkfmS0UA-pt77qV9oXR0fgvdfpBs~QbdOqIcQ5q4lVjGcKgh-CyRAA6fJX1SPXz-8ytiCg__Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ, Accessed on 5th august 2017. Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1968] 1 QB 549. Hanel v. O'Neill, (2003) 48 ACSR 378; (2004) 22 ACLC 274; (2003) SASC 409 (SC of SA 2003). Royal British Bank v Turquand (1856) 119 ER 886. Corporation Act Hanel v. O'Neill, (2003) 48 ACSR 378; (2004) 22 ACLC 274; (2003) SASC 409 (SC of SA 2003). Paul james paul Molnar, (2005), Personal liability of directors of corporate trustees, https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2005/june/personal-liability-of-directors-of-corporate-trustees, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Corporation Act 2001- Section 197. Dino Travalgini, (2007). Corporate Recovery: Corporations Act Section 197, https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/54966rporate+Commercial+Law/Corporate+Recovery+Corporations+Act+Section+197, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Lang thai, DIRECTORSPERSONAL LIABILITY- IS THE PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO SECTION 197 ACCEPTABLE WHEN COMPARED WITH HANEL V ONEILL?, https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=3cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiMsNG-p7_VAhXC6Y8KHTXaCywQFggvMAIurl=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.deakin.edu.au%2Findex.php%2Fdlr%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F302%2F306usg=AFQjCNERh3KdUWttCsF37QUOBMXCT2Te7w, Accessed on 5th august 2017. Royal British Bank v Turquand (1856) 119 ER 886. Lexology, The 'indoor management rule' explained, https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=469212cf-f6d8-458d-8a5d-2722c5d4ba99, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Austlii, (2002), Protecting Outsiders to Corporate Contracts in Australia, https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MurUEJL/2002/22.html, Accessed on 5th August 2017. Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1968] 1 QB 549. David morrinson, The Continued Role of the Common Law Indoor Management Rule Due Inquiry Exception, https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_356124/UQ356124_OA.pdf?Expires=1502004654Signature=WCKFylx-o93psyc8EkLQ7akKpP8WPGdU8uGgkVyHZWYfq5QxNsfAAj~WR3qzs9QxWcTVkXfGe0KQEHsc7nOxkpLnfMXWySTxFTAfMQVpKybkR0gSyDs5QW1JhIVyxp370I76zhxJ3pClBbBOD0oCL4TB1YJU0dLJ9KftanMHtlwTYkZ1sWaNYVH1MBqHt83VIP8F6K5qnJBxASqfod1IZxrdoVg1YvXsA32D2KeTOjPyR5-9u7Lq8-2f2HPWtf-VrBqz8NLPAMpdZphngkfmS0UA-pt77qV9oXR0fgvdfpBs~QbdOqIcQ5q4lVjGcKgh-CyRAA6fJX1SPXz-8ytiCg__Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ, Accessed on 5th august 2017.

Music preference and personality free essay sample

Music preference and personality BY Meow New research from around the world suggests that an individuals favorite music genre Is closely linked to his or her personality. Professor Adrian North of Heritor-Watt university, Edinburgh, UK, has undertaken the largest study so far of musical tastes and personality type. He is an expert on music psychology and has carried out extensive research on the social and applied psychology of music, in particular the relationship between pop music culture and deviant behavior in adolescence, music and consumer behavior, and the role of musical preference in everyday life. Over the course of three years, Professor North asked more than 36,000 people In more than 60 countries to rate a wide range of musical styles In order of preference. Certain aspects of personality were also measured by questionnaire. The results showed: Blues fans have high self-esteem, are creative, outgoing, gentle and at ease Jazz fans have high self-esteem, are creative, outgoing and at ease Classical music fans have high self-esteem, are creative, introvert and at ease Rap fans have high self-esteem and are outgoing Opera fans have high self-esteem, are creative and gentleCountry and western fans are hardworking and outgoing Reggae fans have high self-esteem, are creative, not hardworking, outgoing, gentle and at ease Dance fans are creative and outgoing but not gentle Indies fans have low self-esteem, are creative, not hard working, and not gentle Ballyhooed fans are creative and outgoing Rock/heavy metal fans have low self-esteem, are creative, not hard-working, not outgoing, gentle, and at ease Chart pop fans have high self-esteem, are hardworking, outgoing and gentle, but are not creative and not at ease Soul fans have high self- esteem, are creative, outgoing, gentle, and at ease North said he wanted to study why music is such a significant part of peoples identity. We will write a custom essay sample on Music preference and personality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People do actually define themselves through music and relate to other people through it but we havent known in detail how music is connected to identity, he said. We have always suspected a link between music taste and personality. This is the first time that weve been able to look at it In real detail. No one has ever done this on this scale before. People may define their musical Identity by wearing particular clothes, going to retain pubs, and using certain types of slang. So its not so surprising that personality should be related to musical preference. We really got the sense that people were selecting musical styles to like that match their own personality, North said. He believes that his results show why people can get defensive about what they like to listen to, as it is likely to be profoundly linked to their outlook on life.The study also demonstrates the tribal function of musical taste that can explain why people often bond over music. North noted that classical and heavy metal music both attracts listeners with similar personalities but dissimilar ages. Younger members of the personality group apparently go for heavy metal, while their older counterparts prefer classical. However, both have the same basic motivation: to hear something dramatic and theatrical, a shared love of the grandiose, he said. The general public has held a stereotype of heavy metal fans being suicidal depressed and being a things. Aside from their age, theyre basically the same kind of person [as a classical music fan].

Cmo afecta la ley HB87 de Georgia a los indocumentados

Cmo afecta la ley HB87 de Georgia a los indocumentados La ley de Georgia HB 87, considerada como restrictiva de la inmigracià ³n, impone castigos a los inmigrantes indocumentados que viven dentro de las fronteras de ese estado. Y es que aunque las leyes de la inmigracià ³n son federales y, por lo tanto, son iguales todo Estados Unidos sin importan donde se resida lo cierto es que cada estado puede pasar medidas de apoyo a los migrantes, legales y/o indocumentados o, por el contrario, restrictivas de los derechos de los sin papeles. Ese à ºltimo es el caso de Georgia, pero no es el à ºnico. Destacan en ese sentido las leyes de Arizona, Alabama y Carolina del Sur. Si usted es uno de los 480 mil indocumentados que vive en Georgia o se planea mudarse a vivir a ese estado es conveniente saber los puntos bsicos de la ley HB-87 tal y como se aplica en la actualidad despuà ©s de que varias organizaciones demandaran con à ©xito irregular la suspensià ³n de algunas partes de la ley. Cà ³mo afecta la ley de Georgia HB-87 a los indocumentados En primer lugar, en aplicacià ³n de la ley de Georgia HB-87 las empresas con ms de un cierto nà ºmero de trabajadores deben utilizar el programa federal e-Verify para garantizar que sus los empleados son ciudadanos americanos o estn legalmente autorizados para trabajar en Estados Unidos. Asà ­, todas las agencias estatales y todos los empresarios privados con ms de 500 empleados deben verificar el estatus legal de todos los nuevos trabajadores. Desde el 1 de julio de 2012, est obligacià ³n se ha extendido a todas las empresas con ms de 100 empleados y desde el uno de enero de 2013 se extender a todas que tengan ms de 10 trabajadores. Adems, la utilizacià ³n de documentos falsos como licencias de manejar, tarjetas de la seguridad social o green cards con el objeto de obtener empleo est castigado con multas de hasta $250,000 y con penas de prisià ³n por un mximo de 15 aà ±os. Asimismo, todas las peticiones de ayudas para la vivienda o para la compra de alimentos (food stamps) debern acompaà ±arse por la presentacià ³n de determinada documentacià ³n que pruebe el estatus legal del solicitante. Y quiz lo ms digno de resaltar es que  la policà ­a estatal y local puede verificar el estatus migratorio de las personas a las que para o detiene. Es lo que se conoce como la polà ­tica de muà ©strame los papeles (show me your papers, en inglà ©s). Es de destacar que se autoriza a la policà ­a a pedir los papeles pero no se hace mandatorio que debe hacerlo. Asà ­, por ejemplo, las fuerzas del orden del estado de Georgia podrn pedir papeles para verificar el estatus migratorio de las personas que manejen un auto sin la debida licencia. Disposicià ³n de la ley de inmigracià ³n de Georgia HB-87 que est suspendida   Por decisià ³n de la Corte de Apelaciones de Atlanta sigue en suspenso la seccià ³n de la ley que penaliza a todas las personas que a sabiendas, acogen en sus viviendas o transportan a un inmigrante indocumentado cuando se est cometiendo un delito. Derechos de los migrantes indocumentados Los migrantes indocumentados, a pesar de su estatus, tambià ©n tienen derechos si son arrestados o parados. En estos casos es muy importante que reciban un buen asesoramiento legal si sus caminos cruzan el de las autoridades y, por su puesto, si reciben una citacià ³n para presentarse en una corte de Inmigracià ³n, ya que el no hacerlo tiene consecuencia una orden de deportacià ³n (de la que es posible no saber que se tiene). Adems, en casos de arresto o/y inicio de procedimiento de deportacià ³n conviene consultar con un abogado si es conveniente solicitar una salida voluntaria, ya que puede tener ventajas si no hay forma legal de parar la deportacià ³n. Por à ºltimo, destacar que incluso en Georgia los muchachos con la Accià ³n Diferida aprobada (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) pueden obtener la licencia de manejar. Y que hay ciertos beneficios sociales mà ­nimos reconocidos por las leyes federales que se tienen que cumplir, como el acceso a Wic para el caso de bebà ©s, infantes y embarazadas o la asistencia en clà ­nicas comunitarias e incluso en ER de hospitales en los casos de peligro para la vida. Este artà ­culo es informativo. No es asistencia legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Canadian-American Relations essays

Canadian-American Relations essays In 1900, many people still thought of Canada as a British dependency, not as an independent nation. As the twentieth century unfolded, however, there was a gradual shift from British to American influence. Throughout the century, Canada had something of a love-hate relationship with the United States. Since 1945, we have benefited from American investment, popular culture, and military protection. Nevertheless, many Canadians have felt uneasy about our closeness to the U.S. They have been concerned that our economy is dependent on the Americans; that American culture will swamp our own; that we might be drawn into military confrontations because of our relationship with the U.S. While our proximity to the United States is advantageous it also presents a danger on annexation. As Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau once stated: living next to the United States is in some ways like sleeping with an elephant. No matter how friendly and even-tempered is the beast, one is affected by each twitc h and grunt. The Alaska Boundary Dispute in 1898 between Canada and the U.S is reveal to be one of our greatest danger of our close relationship with the U.S. In 1867, as part of their expansion, the United States had bought Alaska from Russia. The purchase included the panhandle strip running down the Pacific coast and bordering on the colony of British Columbia. How far inland the Panhandle extended, however, was hot clear. In 1897, with the discovery of massive gold deposits in the Klondike region, the border issue became crucial. The Klondike was clearly in Canada, but the US flew its flag over the region. As a result, Canadian prospectors taking gold out of the Klondike had to pay American duties on their way home. The question of who owned the access route had to be resolved. Finally, in 1903, the United States and Britain agreed to set up a tribunal, or special panel, to make a decision on the boundary. The trib...

Assignment 006 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

006 - Assignment Example In addition, famers toil hard from the soil to earn a genuine return (Madison, p.2) 3. Jefferson says tobacco farming produces â€Å"infinite wretchedness.† Why? Jefferson said this because tobacco farming requires very fertile land, high temperatures and high cost of in-puts which most famers may not afford. In addition, tobacco prices in the market are extremely low as compared to its cost of production and hence, leaving the famers at condition of â€Å"infinite wretchedness† (Madison, p.3). 4. How does wheat cultivation create â€Å"happiness†? Wheat farming does not require higher cost of input as compared to tobacco. In additions, it does not require very fertile soil and high temperatures as tobacco. Additionally, it provides famers with higher returns and abundance of food supply (Madison, pp.4-5). 5. What, for Madison, is the relationship between agriculture and civilization? According to Madison there is a strong correlation between agriculture and civi lization. For example, in civilized nations like Japan and China, agriculture tends to prevail better inured to promote civilized life unlike in uncivilized nations. Whereby, in a civilized society the supply of food tends to increase spontaneously beyond the natural limits (Madison, pp.4-5). 6. ... 7. What benefits to â€Å"savage† people seem to enjoy as a result of their â€Å"savage† life? Savage people tend to discover better things in life after going through savage life. In addition, they are able to learn better ways of doing things as well as ways of overcoming challenges in their lives (Madison, pp.4-7). 8. Once a society becomes agricultural, what force or forces make it continue that way? Some of the forces include; an increase in population as the number of mouths for feeding increases, decrease in supply of nature, acquisition of property among the members of population among other forces. 9. What, for Madison, limits the growth of plant and animal populations? Are humans different? According to Madison, lack of land productivity may limits plants and animal growth. In addition, humans are not different because they are part of that population. 10. In Madison’s estimate, how much greater could human population become if every spot on earth were cultivated? There will be approximate more than a hundred individuals in each and every spot and this could bring great epidemic. 11. What mistakes do American farmers make in managing their soil? Among the mistakes make in managing soil include: -Poor cultivation of the land. - Poor mode of ploughing of the land has made the fertile soil to be carried away by rains. -Failure to apply manure - Poor irrigation methods -utilization of oxen instead of horses -keeping of too many cattle tend to destroy the soil - cutting down of trees for timber and wood especially in rural areas. 12. Why do American farmers manage their soils so poorly? This is because; most famers may not afford the best methods, tools and

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Business Ethics - Essay Example Some important factors that come under the consumer vulnerability are as follows: Constitutional vulnerabilities: These may include the physical or mental disabilities which affect the consumers being unable to grasp or understand the information which may be in contracts, labels, advertisements etc and the ability to use or obtain services or products. Developmental vulnerabilities: Cognitive limitations play a bit role in this type of vulnerability. These are related to comprehending what is being told, knowledge level, which includes judging, reasoning and mental development. Another factor that is part of this is motivational factor. This concerns the adequacy concerns, security or health concerns and discovering ones individuality (Kaufman-Scarborough and Baker, 2005). These above mentioned factors are mostly found in children, adolescent (Martin and Gentry, 1997) or elder consumers (Moschis, 1992). Situational vulnerabilities: These may be internal or external factors affecting the consumer’s ability to interpret things and be taken advantage off. Some of these factors include personal crisis, which may involve stress related circumstances like finance, health, injury, etc, (Gentry et al., 1995) and sometimes language barrier or inability to understand legal wordings. External factors tend to include the surrounding economy or living conditions (Lee, Ozanne, and Hill, 1999) and even the barriers preventing from access. In other words, consumer vulnerability can also be defined as a powerless state, which may arise from the discrepancies in the interactions via media or face-to-face marketing or utilizing of marketed products or services without comprehending the complete information. It can be said that the actual vulnerability always arises from the consumers’ personal state, characteristic, or conditions he/she is in during the utilization of products or services which may get stuck or slow down and may affect perceptions of

Comparing and contrasting three poems that portray the yearning to belong Essay Example for Free

Comparing and contrasting three poems that portray the yearning to belong Essay We all long to be a part of something and to feel accepted, irrespective of age, culture and society. Similarly, Stephen Spenders poem, My Parents kept Me from Children who were Rough, Moniza Alvis An Unknown Girl and Phyllis McCormacks Crabbit Old Woman talk about how each of the poets long to be a part of a certain society or culture, and this longing outlines the underlying theme across all three poems. My Parents kept Me from Children who were Rough is about childhood bullying and regret. The narrator experiences bullying at a young age and I sense a feeling of regret as the poet wished he could be a part of the group of rough boys. I get the impression that the narrator, now at his adult stage, feels that he did not make the most of his childhood, and this was perhaps due to class differentials. Whereas, Moniza Alvis poem reveals how the narrator had left her hometown at a young stage and when she returns, she yearns to be a part of it. I believe she finds it difficult to reconcile her roots with her foreign lifestyle and falls under the dilemma where she is forced to choose one life, despite her strong desire for both. We get a contrasting idea in Crabbit Old Woman, as it is a plea to break free from the stereotypical image of old people. The old woman feels that she is being judged unfairly because her body has crumbled. She expresses how her soul remains intact, and would like the nurses to realize that her battered heart swells with undiscovered vivacity. All the three poems have an underlying theme of belonging. My parents is about how the narrator longed to fit in with the group of bullies. The world being so brutal, made growing up hard for the narrator. At a young age, the narrator probably needed to feel wanted and important and hence, wanted to be part of a group. There are many other significant themes present, such as a theme of childhood bullying, as the narrator fears the boys who had muscles like irons. A theme of regret, coupled with loneliness is distinguished, as the poet longed to forgive the bullies, but never had the chance. The constant use of I and Me tells the readers how the poet was lonesome. Therefore, I get the impression that the poem is written based on a bitter childhood memory. I feel sorry for the poet as he was made fun of for his lisp and the bullies salt-coarse pointing, which seems to have affected the poets life greatly, even throughout his adult phase. Similarly, in An unknown girl, the poet wants to belong to her native community, which she once left behind. There is a theme of admiration, as her fascination for the evening bazaar studded with neon is clearly depicted. In addition to that, a theme of self-identity is found, as the poet is desperately trying to find herself through her roots. She is unknown to herself. Whereas, the narrator in Crabbit Old Woman wants to belong in a world and society untouched by the evils of stereotype. She would like to feel accepted and gain the same respect as everybody else. She hopes the nurses would include her in their world, and would look beyond her physical inabilities, in order to admire and recognise the beautiful life she has lived and experienced. Alongside that central theme, a great deal of regret is conveyed, as the narrator immensely resents the way she is stereotyped, and hopes to prove that she is still young at heart. There is also a nostalgic sensation in the poem, as the narrator indulges in reminisces about her past experiences and life stages. I believe that the titles of each poem represent the reason for the narrators inability to belong. My Parents kept Me from Children who were Rough suggests how the poet blames his parents for not being able to bask in the pleasures the bullies experienced, as they were very protective of him. I get the impression that he envied the other childrens freedom, in contrast to his restricted life enforced upon him. On the other hand, the title An Unknown Girl has a double meaning as it could refer to the actual girl hennaing the poets hand or it may refer to the poet itself. The poet finds this culture overwhelming yet admires it, and she strongly craves to be a part of it. Moreover, the title Crabbit Old Woman itself illustrates the way the old woman is perceived by the nurses. This stereotypical image is what prevents the nurses from exploring the real old woman and prevents her from belonging into their world. Structure aids a reader to visualise a poem and the free verse structure in An Unknown Girl expresses the narrators exploration of thought and conveys her dream-like admiration. The lack of pauses in the poem is successful, as these would break the connection between the narrator and the bazaar. I felt the layout of the poem was particularly striking, and this furthermore made me realize that it could symbolize the pretty henna, which is described as icing to us, enhancing its graceful manner. Similarly, the use of enjambment in Crabbit Old Woman depicts to the reader the constant running of thoughts and memories of the various stages of life of the old woman. This creates a fast pace coupled with a constant rhyme and free flowing rhythm, which contrasts with the impression the nurses have of old people being slow. I believe the poet chose to use a fast pace and rhyme, to further emphasis that point. Moreover, I feel the use of three structured stanzas with four lines each in My parents made me realize how the narrator was always forced to follow his parents rules and hence, control himself from many things. As a child, one is helpless in front of his or her parents decisions and therefore, I feel as if the author felt caged. I sometimes feel obligated to my parents decisions and this often aggravates me, hence I can understand the underlying tone of anger and blame placed upon the parents in this poem. The use of effective language by the poets helps suggest the ideas of the poems. The constant use of similes in My Parents show the childs admiration and interest for the bullies; as muscles like iron suggests strength and power, which are qualities that generally excite young boys. Torn Clothes reveal class differentiation and this helped justify the reason why the parents did not want the narrator to be a part of the bullies. On the contrary, Moniza Alvi uses striking imagery in her poem, as she paints a wonderful metaphoric image in our minds depicting her state of longing to be a part of this culture. The way the narrator will lean across a country [India] with my hands outstretched longing for the unknown girl in the neon bazaar is a very powerful image. I can almost imagine an anxious woman holding out her arms, in hope to receive her roots; it gives me the idea that the narrator is practically begging for this connection with her hometown. Colours leave the street float up in balloons is another influential metaphoric image. This symbolizes how the poet is trying to reach out for something [her roots], but it is not within her grasp. Moreover, the constant repetition of an unknown girl is hennaing my hand gives me the impression that the poet needs to constantly remind herself that she connects with this place; showing her desperation to remain connected to her roots. I chose these poems as I felt I could relate to them very well. I can understand Alvis situation, as I myself am away from my country of origin and often I find myself indulging in a more foreign culture, yet many a times I get nostalgic about the place I come from, despite feeling detached and distant from it. In addition, I think I could share my thoughts and feelings very well with My parents as it is about a young adult, just like me. Fitting in and being part of a group of children is very vital and therefore, I solemnly sympathize with the narrator. Lastly, I think Crabbit Old Woman deals with a great problem of stereotypical images, which are present in all works of life. It was inspiring to see the old woman standing up against these stereotypical images created by society. The poem made me to realize that I need to offer more respect and admiration for the older generation. All the three poems are written in a unique style and each one conveys very deep issues, in accordance with the universal theme of belonging. All the poets were very much successful in conveying their ideas and they were able to create a lasting impact upon the readers.

Selfishness of Second Hand Smoke :: essays research papers

Smoking is an age-old art that many partake in regularly. Smoking is a very expensive habit that can cause long-term problems for only a short-term gain of comfort. The surrounding non-smoking socialites must witness, experience, and live with the smoke day in and day out. According to the American Heart Foundation, 43.3 percent of American men and women indulge in tobacco consumption through smoke. The negative effects of the habit-forming substance crush the positive effects. This is on the borderline of an illegal addicting drug, but publicly allowed. Everyone has a right to smoke, but everyone should respect others as well. In cases I have witnessed in my life, the smoker seems to care less about a non-smoker?s wishes before lighting the cancer stick. I am tired of it and I do not like the fact that surrounding smokers change the course of my life. Second hand smoke, often called passive smoking, is more dangerous than actually performing the act personally. Stated by the American Lung Association, ?Secondhand smoke exposure causes disease and premature death in children and adults who do not smoke. Secondhand smoke contains hundreds of chemicals known to be toxic or carcinogenic, including formaldehyde, benzene, vinyl chloride, arsenic ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide?, and further states, ?Secondhand smoke has been classified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a known cause of cancer in humans (Group A carcinogen).? This is a proven carcinogen that can kill! I personally am not a gambler and I really wish smokers would wise up to consider how many non-smokers dislike their fate controlled by a selfish addict. Your blood and breathing characteristics become unstable and uncomfortable with exposure to smoke. The smoke is an absence of oxygen, which last I recall, allows us to live. Research from the most current Surgeon General's Report concluded, ?Short exposures to second hand smoke can cause blood platelets to become stickier, damage the lining of blood vessels, decrease coronary flow velocity reserves, and reduce heart rate variability, potentially increasing the risk of heart attack.? The European Respiratory Society performed a study and found, ?Recent research from Finland has shown that passive smoking plays a role in the development of adult asthma. Researchers found that subjects exposed to tobacco smoke in the workplace were twice as likely to develop asthma as those who were not exposed.

Coke vs Pepsi Essay

Pepsi has historically targeted a young audience especially since the 1980s .Many of their ads were usually aimed at teenagers and even younger groups by introducing fun, sports and music in their ads and this still hasn’t changed in 2014.Pepsi has consistently found new ways to adapt to each generation and found great success through it. But most of the credit comes from their segmentation methods. Pepsi has a Behavioral segmentation that contains customers usage. They range customers usage from light to occasional drinkers. They also look at customers purchase behaviors trying label them as instinctive or planned buyers. A good example of a planned buyer and a purchase occasional buyer would be somebody having a get together or a party where the customer chooses to buy Pepsi products to quench their thirst after a exciting fun time. Pepsi also has a Psychological segmentation that focus on a lifestyle and personality. Pepsi has created a motto for themselves called Live Now, but they say that its not just a motto but a mindset. So you already know that they had to have a segment of people that share their same belief. These customers are usually fun sophisticated people or cool teenagers. Pepsi’s final segmentation is Geo-demographic which mostly focuses on the urban areas around the world .which make a lot of sense because most people believe that the cities is where the most fun and big event occur at. As well as finding this particular demographic ages 18- 25 ,which are considered to be young cool sophisticated people that just want to live now. Coca Cola Company is the world’s largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands.But for some reason Coca Cola doesn’t have a specific target segment but adapt its marketing strategy by developing new products, which really means their segmentation are really broad. Generally, Coke does not have a specific target because they are really trying to addressed everyone. Coca Cola also doesn’t try to target a lifestyles, but they are seeing more and more busy lifestyle and mobile generation that are considered to be the most important part of Coke’s consumers. Coca cola also doesn’t care about a customers occupation but found out that mainly students and family oriented people buy Coca Cola products. Coca Cola also sees that their main consumers are 12-30 years old people and even though there is no specific product or communication for less than 12 or more than 30, the brand succeed in reaching them, through partnerships from six flags,restaurants, fast foods such as McDonald’s or Loyalty from customers. Finally, Coca Cola consider each customer as a target and a potential consumer. All age groups are being targeted but the most potential is the age group from 18-25 that covers a good amount of the age segments. How do their segmentation strategies differ? Their segmentation strategies differ in a big way because Pepsi used the segmentation method to target their customers ,but Coca Cola didn’t really structure a segmentation method to target their customers with .They mostly used the positioning method to grow their company. Pepsi focus on customers that wanted to live now ,a more exciting life. While Coca Cola just wanted everybody to enjoy a Coca Cola product, living your life even if its boring or exciting they didn’t care, as long as you had a coke in your hand.

Home-Style Cookies Case Essay

1. Briefly describe the cookie production process. The company uses batch processing system, wherein the process begins when the management gets orders from its distributors. Production schedules are then made which are based on the orders received. In the beginning of every shift, a list of the cookies to be made that day is delivered to the person in charge of mixing. The ingredients needed are activated through a master list containing all the ingredients to ensure accuracy. The ingredients are then transferred to the mixers then to a cutting machine. After that, the cookies are heated to an oven and moved to a cooling rack. When the cookies are all cooked, they are manually packed. Lastly, the packaged cookies are labelled and sealed. 2. What are two ways that the company has increased productivity? Why did increasing the length of the ovens result in faster output rate? First, the company has increased productivity by cutting the non-filled cookies diagonally, so more cookies can be baked any time. Second, automating the ingredients lead to reduction in the waste of ingredients and helps on the cut back with human error when mixing the ingredients. Increasing the length of the ovens result in faster output rate since it enables more cookies to be baked at once. The bigger the oven, the more cookies we can bake in it which means the faster the output rate. 3. Do you think the company is making the right decision by not automating the packing of cookies? Explain your reasoning. What obligation does a company have to its employees in a situation such as this? What obligation does it have to the community? Is the size of the town a factor? Would it make a difference if the company was located in a large city? Is the size of the company a factor? What if it was a much larger company? I think that the company is making the right decision by not automating the packing of the cookies. It should resemble the human factor in its product. One of the most important steps before packing the cookies is the removal of broken or deformed cookies. An automated process is unable to conduct this critical step. It is critical that this step is done as it would depict the image of the company producing a good product. All companies have a moral obligation  towards their employees. If the company has built on a structure that would help employees stay gainfully employed, the company should honor the commitment it has on its employees. A company that is committed to its workforce sends a message to the community that it cares and is dedicated to its employees. People of a community would be more proud to support such a company with integrity and commitment. Yes, the size of the town is a factor. If the company is located in a small town, it is much easier for them to penetrate the market and to actually show the values it has within its company. Yes, I think it would matter if the company is located in a large city, as it is quite challenging to catch more customers in larger cities, because of the increase in competition. Yes, the size of the company is a factor. The bigger the company is, the easier it is for them to hook customers, as the customers would perceive that it is already established and trusted. It would benefit the company more if it were larger, since it could hire more people and has capacity to help the community more. However, it is very important for companies to take note that whether it may be big or small it should always focus on productivity and efficiency to provide absolute customer satisfaction. 4. What factors cause the company to carry minimal amounts of certain inventories? What benefits result from this policy? Minimal amounts of inventories are caused by many factors. First factor is the quality of the cookies. Since the company is set on providing a product that is high quality and does not use preservatives or additives, they use minimal inventories to retain the freshness of the product and to avoid waste of resources. Second, lower inventory costs, the lesser the inventory the lower the costs. Third, less need for storage space, since there is minimal inventories used, minimal space is also utilized. Lastly, satisfied customers, because of the freshness and high quality of the cookies the company provides satisfaction to its consumers. 5. As a consumer, what things do you consider in judging the quality of cookies you buy in a supermarket? The main factor in judging the quality of the cookies is by its quality or freshness. Fresh or high quality cookies would catch more customers. Second, the ingredients, if natural ingredients  are used I would be more enticed to buy cookies. Third is the packaging of the product, its outer appearance tells a lot about a product. I would buy a product which has a really nice and neat packaging. 6. What advantages and what limitations stem from the company’s not using preservatives in cookies? By not using preservatives, the product would appeal more to customers, as more people now are health-conscious. It would also lessen the costs of the company, since fewer ingredients are needed. On the other hand, not using preservatives limits the shelf life of the cookies. 7. Briefly describe the company’s strategy. Mainly, the company focuses on providing high quality cookies that appeal to a particular market niche. The company also centers on its customers and employees. Through this, it gives a possible effect on its community and gains the support of the people.

Does It Matter How You Publish

Does It Matter How You Publish Im still deluged with questions, comments, and concerns regarding self-publishing. Theres still a huge misunderstanding that self-publishing is the second-best option to traditional. That self-publishing is for those who cannot traditionally publish. The amazing part of these misconceptions is that most of these folks have no idea how traditional publishing works. They are going with the route that most people go with, that carries less risk (or so they think), where nobody can reject. After some back and forth, heres an email message from a reader: Hope At first, I had the notion about self-publishing being second option because this was what I’d been told and made to believe First, whether traditional or self-published, publishing is simply a tool. What you do with it deems its importance. Forget reputations affiliated with self-publishing. I don’t tell ANYONE that I’ve self-pubbed one book or traditionally published another. A reader doesn’t care. Only when I’m asked do I state which is which. We become so entrenched in the publishing industry, that we forget about the readers who only want a good book. Amazon has helped balance the playing field for self-published authors, and I commend them for that. However, I blame writers for how they use and misuse that opportunity. Mistakes self-published writers make: -They publish prematurely. -They design bad covers. -They design bad cover copy. -They format unprofessionally. -They do not edit enough. -They do not proofread enough (different from editing). -They do not market themselves well. The reputation of self-publishing isnt what hurts you. Nobody knows how you published if you dont tell them. Its all about how you present and sell yourself, and especially how well you write and present the book. Its on you, the author, to create a phenomenal book. But as long as self-publishing is just that available for everyone to do it themselves you will have bad work out there. I wave off the sarcasms that traditional markets have bad works, too, because the percentages don’t even compare. There are far more bad books out there in the self-publishing world because there are no gatekeepers. It is what it is. Until self-published authors as a whole pour as much attention into their books as traditional presses pour into theirs, the scales wont balance. The main point is simply to choose which way to publish, use it, own it, and don’t lead with how you published, but with how good the book is.

What to Do When Your Work Is Stolen

What to Do When Your Work Is Stolen The unthinkable happens. Your work is published without your knowledge, consent or compensation. Whether it is large slushpiles, lack of time, memory lapses or non-existent ethics, theres no excuse for unprofessionalism or deceit. If the publication gets away with it once, they may do it again! Sure, you challenge them. You take the moral high ground, argue facts logically, point out copyrights, escalate to publishers or web domain owners; but your remonstrations fall on deaf ears. When editors dont remedy the situation early and sufficiently, heres how you can take action. Publicize Reputations carry businesses, but are fragile. Social media is a powerful tool, but an untamed beast. Nothing travels faster than bad news. Use Facebook, Twitter, blogs, or your own mailing lists of writers/editors/sources to make noise. However, before you bandy about anyones good name, remember publicity is a two-way street. Choose your words carefully. Dont post on a public forum in a passion. Defamation charges can be difficult to defend, and the last thing you need is to have your life stolen too. Invoice anyway What have you got to lose? Invoicing a publication that has published your work without permission sends a clear message that you are a professional who knows the industry. PayPal has a professional template and a reminder system. Make your invoice due on receipt and clearly state terms and conditions including penalties for delayed payments. Join forces Yours may not be a solitary incident. Ask around. Someone may have experience dealing with the publications idiosyncrasies and may be able to advise you. Hit them where it hurts Magazines exist for sales. Contact the retail outlets where the magazine is sold and inform them of the transgression. They may stop stocking it. Go to court Before you recourse to judiciary as your last resort, consider: a) Money: Lawyers fees are ruinous. Unless you claim Donald Trump as a relation or have engaged a lawyer to work pro bono, think twice. b) Time: Court battles can drag on for years. You may end up resigning your great-grandchildren to life revolving around courthouse working hours. c) Effort: Meetings, filing forms, understanding the law, dealing with red tape there are an awful lot of legal hoops to jump through that drain energy. Will your court battle drain you of the sheer physical stamina to attend your daughters graduation ceremony, steal the mental inclination to host that long-overdue dinner party, rob you of the emotional wherewithal to cope with a friends illness? d) Scandal: Court cases are open affairs. You may think truth and public interest are on your side, but theres no guarantee how the case will develop. Your reputation may emerge out of the ordeal smelling like a bouquet of roses, or it may crawl out looking like something the cat dragged in. Can you live with the local garbage-man and that cute shop assistant at your favorite boutique knowing all about your dirty laundry? e) Practicalities: If you live in the US and the publication is based in Singapore, how do you propose to duel? So weigh pros and cons, calculate cost versus benefit and take action. Or finally, write off the loss and move on. Its great to be principled and fight for fairness. Its also natural to feel to want to get even. But is the article worth the tumult? If not, consider it an occupational hazard and move on. Lesson learned. Whatever you do, hope for the best and be prepared for the worst. Remain positive, proactive, and dont stop writing. As freelancer Judee Fong says, Thieves steal only from the best! 🙂 ID: 181074Â © Abdone | Dreamstime Stock Photos

The advantages of visiting Barcelona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The advantages of visiting Barcelona - Essay Example Barcelona has great influence on commerce, arts, science, entertainment, and education. The city is a major tourist destination subject to its rich cultures, architecture, and good climate. With a Barcelona has Mediterranean climate that depicts mild, humid winters and warm, dry summers the city attracts tourist in all seasons. The city hosts over one million visitors every week (Esei International Business School 1). There are great monuments, museums, good people, galleries, and magnificent architecture in Barcelona. The beautiful historic and tourist sites include the old Boqueria market, Picasso and Mirà ³ works, Tibidabo that overlooks Barcelona, La Sagrada Familia, Barceloneta Beach, Frank Gehry's Peche, The Historic Gothic Quarter, and Marina at Villa Olimpica (Williams 1). With 1,629,990 visitors, the FC Barcelona museum is the most popular museum in Barcelona. There is a buzzing nightlife in Barcelona due to the numerous bars and nightclubs, cocktails, and casinos (Williams 1). Moreover, there is better accommodation in the city subject to the five star hotels in Barcelona. With four and a half kilometers of sandy beaches, Barcelona is one of the dominant beach cities in the world (Esei International Business School 1). The unique architecture of the city adopts a grid system. Transport in the city is through biking, taxis, metro bus or by foot (Tourist Barcelona 1). Barcelona has worst drivers and hence many people choose to walk the streets of Barcelona.

CASE STUDY - AMAZON Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

- AMAZON - Case Study Example The featured organization remained engaged in selling DVDs, CDs, VHS cassettes and a lot of electronics before it can actually became capable of developing and commercializing Kindle Fire tablet. The introduction of Kindle acted like a lucky charm for the retailer and things initiated to look improved ever since the product was launched in the year of 2011 whereas, its predecessor Kindle e-book Reader was launched in 2007. The improved version of the formerly mentioned product was released in 2012 (History & Timeline, 2014). The company produces products by outsourcing their manufacturing to countries that can produce them cheaply. The apparels are made in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The technological products are either made in China or US. The products are distributed through chain of warehouses, fulfillment centers and third party distributors (Kucera, 2014). Jeff Bezos had incorporated Amazon.com as an organization in July 1994 and the website was made available for customer use in 1995 after intensive tests and beta version releases. However, the concept worked and worked great indeed. The initial name of the company was Cadabra and it was replaced with Amazon after getting inspired with the title of Amazon River which is one of the most spacious water masses located on the face of the Earth. The Amazons is a term that was used to refer to great nation of female warriors known to exist in the traditional Greek mythology. Amazon managed to vend its subsidiary websites to England, America, France, Canada, Italy, Germany, Spain, Australia, Brazil, Japan, China, India and last but not the least Mexico. In 2011, the company was in plans to launch its websites in Poland, Netherlands and Sweden. Jeff Bezos did not engage in internet business in the period of early development of the industry but he made up for his misgivings in this regard an d introduced Amazon in 1994. Amazon as a

Comparison between united arab emirates vs other coutnries in the Research Proposal

Comparison between united arab emirates vs other coutnries in the middle east.political issues - Research Proposal Example It is as a result of diversification and political inclusivity that the UAE has grown at a faster pace compared to Saudi Arabia, which discovered oil close to two decades earlier. Founded on 2nd December 1971, the UAE is a federation of seven emirates that gained independence from the UK and were effectively granted the liberty to govern their security and foreign issues. Prior to discovery of oil, the UAE economy largely depended on fishery and pearl industries. Nonetheless, the UAE started depending heavily on oil for more than thirty years, thus suffering a significant setback following the global financial crisis of 2008 to 2009 (Aartun n.pg). In the recovery period, however, the UAE has shifted towards economic diversification and creation of opportunities for its nationals through education, improved trade, manufacturing, tourism, and logistics. Saudi Arabia is a supreme monarchy, which has established its niche in the global economy through its immense oil revenue. Oil is the dominant economy driver in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This implies that the country’s socio-political welfare is hinged on oil prices’ evolution. One of the key differences between the UAE and Saudi Arabia is that the former is a federation, whereas the latter is a monarchy. This means that in the UAE, there is a president, while specific powers are allotted to the federal government and others to individual emirates (Henderson n.pg). In Saudi Arabia, however, power is reserved for the Royal family, which also gets the most important societal positions, which may occasionally heighten tension among the underprivileged members of society who may feel alienated (Gause n.pg). Further, while the UAE is characterized by a legislative structure combining Islamic and civil law, Saudi Arabia primarily adopts Islam law, which is not adequately inclusive. In regard to the economic

Hp External Analysis Essay Example for Free

Hp External Analysis Essay Hewlett Packard External Environment Analysis Hewlett Packard External Environment Analysis In today’s constantly evolving business world, it is essential for organizations to fully master and incorporate strategic management theory into decision making processes. As the world’s largest technology company, HP brings together a portfolio that spans printing, personal computing, software, services, and IT infrastructure to solve customer problems (Hewlett Packard, 2010). HP is well positioned to outperform the market. The strength of HP’s portfolio is leaner cost structure and accelerating market momentum that gives the confidence to raise the full year outlook (Hurd, 2010)†. One of the most important aspects of Hewlett Packard’s strategy building is an analysis of the external business environment that they operate in. As pointed out in the text Strategic Management. Concepts and Cases Competitiveness and Globalization, â€Å"The firm’s understanding of the external environment is matched with knowledge about its internal environment to form its vision, to develop its mission, and to identify and implement actions that result in strategic competitiveness and above-average returns. (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson, 2009) In this paper, there will be an analysis of Hewlett Packard’s external business environment and its impact on the firm’s strategic business continuity plan, including examination of the three components of the external environment, the general environment, the industry environment, and the competitor environment. External Environmental Analysis Before analyzing Hewlett Packard’s external influences, it is important to highlight the specific processes in an external environmental analysis. This analysis is performed so that firms can correctly identify potential opportunities and threats in their external environment, and involves continually scanning, monitoring, forecasting, and assessing segments of the general environment. Scanning is the process of studying each segment of the general environment to identify upcoming or ongoing changes that can impact the firm. Monitoring refers to observing the changes identified in the scanning process to determine if a particular trend can be singled out which would have significant consequences for the firm. Trend identification is an important aspect of monitoring, as well as recognizing the trend’s effect on the firm’s stakeholders. Forecasting takes the changes and trends that scanning and monitoring produced, and attempts to formulate useful predictions based on those changes and trends. One important factor in forecasting is identifying the time frame and rate of change for trends, so that the firm does not miss an opportunity or get caught off guard by a threat. The final step in external environmental analysis is assessing. The objective of assessing is to determine the timing and significance of the effects of environmental changes and trends on the strategic management of the firm. † (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson, 2009) The prime focus of assessing is determining the impact of forecasted trends on strategic direction of the firm. Assessing decides if an opportunity or threat requires a change in plans, or the firm to take a new direction. General Environment The first component of the external environment is the general environment. â€Å"The general environment is composed of dimensions in the broader society that influence an industry and the firms within it. (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson, 2009) These dimensions of broader society are further classified into six categories. The six categories of the general environment are demographic, economic, political and legal, socio-cultural, technological, and global. A large, global firm like Hewlett-Packard will find opportunities and threats in each aspect of the general environment. The demographic category of the general environment includes factors such as population size, age structure, ethnic mix, income distribution, and geographic distribution. Hewlett-Packard’s market position as the world’s largest technology company requires careful consideration of demographic factors. Hewlett-Packard’s strategic continuity is impacted by this factor because it must identify markets with the correct demographic to provide an opportunity to sell its computer products. Markets with an unfavorable income distribution or an older age structure may need to be avoided until more favorable conditions arise. The economic category of the general environment includes factors such as interest rates, gross domestic product, and business savings rates. Hewlett-Packard’s continuity strategy is impacted by economic factors in a similar fashion as it is impacted by demographics. Markets located in a strong economy represent opportunities for the firm. Additionally, developing economies may provide lower interest rates, or favorable business savings rates. Economies in decline can represent a threat to Hewlett-Packard, as expensive computer purchases may not be a consumer’s focus. The political and legal category of the general environment includes factors such as antitrust laws, taxation laws, and labor laws. Hewlett-Packard can face huge opportunities and threats with changes and trends in legislation. Hewlett-Packard produces a wide range of computer products, and if it is challenged by an antitrust law, it could face a very large threat. However, favorable changes in tax law can represent just as large an opportunity for the firm to save money. The socio-cultural category of the general environment includes factors such as workforce diversity, shifts in work and career preferences, and shifts in product and service preferences. Hewlett-Packard’s business continuity is very concerned with monitoring and planning for preference trends in the computer technology industry. Proper assessment and integration of a new product preference can represent an important opportunity, while missing this preference could end up a threat. The technological category of the general environment includes factors such as product innovations, new communications technologies, and government supported research and development expenditures. Obviously this category caries great significance for a computer based firm like Hewlett-Packard. Product innovations can represent an opportunity for strategic continuity if Hewlett-Packard can incorporate them, a threat to strategic continuity if they cannot. New communications technologies can be utilized to assist in streamlining operations, and represent an opportunity to lower long term costs. The final category of the general environment is global. The global category includes factors such as critical global markets, new industrialized countries, and cultural and institutional attributes. Hewlett-Packard is a global firm, and changes or trends in the global markets must be planned for to ensure strategic continuity.

Managements Achievement Claims Perspective :: essays research papers

Management's Achievement Claims Perspective It is to no one's surprise that Coca-Cola is one of the world's largest companies. Fourteen years ago, Coca-Cola began building credibility to its investors by never over-promising, just consistently hitting long-term growth targets. In Great Britain, Coca-Cola surpassed two leading teas of consumption per capita. People said it would not be possible, but Coke did it. That is just one example. Coca-Cola's management believes in the theory that people need 64 ounces of liquid everyday to survive. Right now, Coke only accounts for an average of less than two of those ounces. They believe that by adding strength to the world's strongest brand, it will help people make Coke a more frequent choice for those 64 ounces. The part of this Annual Report that I personally wanted to attack was the lack of sales in Canada and Coca-Cola's goals in improving them. Being native of Canada and a big Coke fan, I know that Coke has struggled in my homeland for several years. M. Douglas Ivester answered my concern by stating that Coke allowed the retail prices of their products to out pace their value in the eyes of our consumers. Since 1994-1995, Canada's unit per case volume increased 4%. Coke is expecting an even greater increase in 1996 because their Canadian bottler signed with two major grocery retailers. Coca-Cola used Canada as a lesson they can use as a guide worldwide never repeat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CEO, Robert Goizueta believes that there is no limit to your growth. He will not allow boundaries to be set. It is evident to me that Coke is not setting boundaries considering that they have a bottler in almost every corner of the world. Coke is focused on strengthening world wide markets and creating new ones. In this report, they state how the will improve sales in Nigeria, China, South Africa, and Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of all the Financial Reports I have read (Anderson Consulting, Home Depot, Green Park, etc.), Coca-Cola is a company in which I believe what the management claims. Coke has a great responsibility of making investors, employees, and consumers happy all over the world. Why would they blow it Coke realigned their management team at the beginning 1996 to more accurately reflect the global nature of their business. That says growth all over it. Comparison to Industry Standards   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coca-Cola  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Industry Standard 1.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quick Ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This states that Coke through these calculations is not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  as liquid as the industry standard. 2.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current Ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.0%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.4% 3.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Profit Margin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9% 4.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Return on Equity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  55%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.5%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is very good percentage, above industry standard. 5.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asset Turnover  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.6% 6.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Return on Assets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8.5% 7.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Debt to Equity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  75.3%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  66.5%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A little high compared to industry, but still has not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  peaked at 100%.

Colleges Exploit of College Athletes Essay

It is common issue in our country that students neglect their studies seeking sports fame and they end up their career with incomplete degree, even while their institution themselves earn millions revenues. It is seen that as sports became very commercializing, college sport department exploit students for their own means of earning. A sign that hangs in the men’s basketball locker room at Duke Reads: â€Å"Practice times are as follows†¦. Please schedule class consequently. † (Sarah E. Gohl, 2001) This sign expresses in no indecisive terms the message that basketball, not school, is the top priority. The academic schedule should accommodate the athletic schedule, not vice versa. Duke’s basketball coaches are not unaided in making this demand. Division I coaches normally require athletes to subordinate their academic lives to their athletic lives. Damion Davis, a track and field athlete at Baylor University, told the Chronicle of Higher Education: â€Å"They [coaches] always say its academics [first], then athletics. They’re lying. Its athletics and then academics. You don’t carry out, you’re not here† (Alex P. Kellogg, 2001, pp. A33-A34). Baylor football player Bobby Darnell agreed. Referring to his coaches, he said: â€Å"They don’t want you thinking about the test you have on Monday, just the ‘test’ you have Saturday night,† explicitly, the next football game (Alex P. Kellogg, 2001, pp. A33-A34). In this environment, according to sociologists Patricia and Peter Adler, athletes might become â€Å"engulfed† in their athletic role, giving it priority, and may â€Å"abandon† their academic role, casting aside the non-athletic goals to which they formerly aspired (Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler, 1991). Wherever role engulfment exists, academic fraud is certain to follow. Academic fraud not just takes place when a student cheats on an examination or submits a plagiarized paper, or while a high school or college coach or administrator falsifies an athlete’s transcription, but also takes place whenever a college authorizes athletes to be something other than fall-time college students who are joined in degree programs and who pursue their degrees at a rational pace. It surely occurs when coaches arrange course schedules to make sure those athletes will be available for daily practice and that they will earn the grades essential to stay eligible to compete. Coaches did just that at the Division I college where the Adlers studied the men’s basketball team throughout the late 1980s. One player described his â€Å"choice† of a major in the following way: â€Å"They never even asked me what major I wanted. They just assumed that I would be a rec [recreation-physical education] major. They’re perhaps right, but you get a certain message when they don’t even ask you. † (Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler, 1991, 67) The message, of course, is that one’s sport comes first and schoolwork is a slight irritant to which one require only pay enough attention to stay eligible to compete. At fall registration some years ago, former Drake University provost Jon Ericson witnessed an incident linking a freshman men’s basketball player who had received this message. The athlete sat impassively while a envoy of the athletic department chose his classes and got him registered. At the same time Ericson observed, in stark contrast to the athlete, a young woman student who moved from line to line and negotiated with the registrar as she chose her classes, â€Å"engulfed† suitably in the role of undergraduate (Katie Funk, 2000). Athletes also accept the message that their sport comes first while coaches force them to subordinate their academic targets to their athletic responsibilities. One of the Adlers’ interviewees recalled the following conversation with a coach, which illustrates this dilemma vividly. The player said: One time I had a paper that was really hard that was due. So I say to Coach Mickey [the â€Å"academic† coach], â€Å"I’m goanna be a little late to practice because I have to go to the library to do some work on my paper. † But he told me, â€Å"You’d better be in the gym by three o’clock. † I think if they were serious about academics, they would cut you some slack on that (Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler, 1991, p 150). Ironically, athlete exploitation sometimes occurs even while a college does not stand to earn considerable revenues from sports. A case in point is Marcus LoVett, formerly the star point guard for Oklahoma City University (OCU), a perennial basketball powerhouse in the National Association for Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), where visibility is low and profits are unusual. LoVett enrolled at OCU in the fall of 1995, following spending his first two years of college at Hutchinson Community College in Kansas and the College of Southern Idaho, respectively (Alexander Wolff, 1997, pp. 60-66). He remained entitled for basketball at OCU in 1995-96 by taking courses in fishing/angling, beginning volleyball, beginning golf, intramural recreation programs, walking/jogging, varsity sports, and the basics of coaching basketball, and postponed until his senior year the more hard courses that he would need to pass in order to graduate with a degree in physical education. This strategy backfired in December of 1996, when LoVett failed three courses and took an unfinished in two others, causing his GPA to fall below the 2. 0 necessary for athletic eligibility under NAIA rules. OCU declared him disqualified to play basketball during the spring semester, where he filed suit in state court in January of 1997, claiming that OCU had (1) broken its promise to have him tested quickly for Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD); (2) failed to provide him with the academic assistance it had promised him, (3) destitute him of a chance to showcase his basketball talents for NBA scouts, and (4) inflicted emotional distress on him (Cohen Greta, 1993. ). The presence of the poor athlete in American schools, his wish to secure the advantages of a college education, and his incapability or unwillingness to distinguish between proper and improper assistance have combined to turn out a fertile field in which to sow the tares of commercialized exploitation and subsidies. Basically, sports always have been attraction to students in their campuses that influenced the commercialization of college sports. Indeed, without the pressure on colleges to raise enrollments and to generate revenue, it is unlikely that college sports would have become a commercial enterprise. In more positive financial circumstances, colleges would not have felt a need to make the monetary commitments and the ethical compromises that commercial success in sports essential to athletes. Colleges in aspiring to win also initiated unethical practices. Chief among these is the enrollment of athletes with little or no regard for their academic qualifications. Some colleges usually hired â€Å"tramp athletes† to represent them on the football field, knowing full well that these athletes had no aim of matriculating as students, or even of playing a full season. An egregious instance occurred in 1896 and featured Fielding H. Yost, who later became famous as the football coach at the University of Michigan. Yost, a â€Å"hefty, six-foot tall, 195-pound tackle for West Virginia University, † â€Å"transferred† to Lafayette College in Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1896, just eventually to play in the most important football game in Lafayette’s history, against the University of Pennsylvania. Penn brought a 36-game winning streak into its game with Lafayette, but Lafayette ended the streak with a 6-4 win, aided by Yost. Soon after the game, Yost transferred back to West Virginia University, where he completed work for a law degree six months later (Hart-Nibbrig Nand, and Clement Cottingham, 1986). Moreover, it is usually said that â€Å"every athlete is a needy athlete. † That football players, and, other athletes, come from families whose means do not allow them to pay all of the expenses of a college course is usually accepted as fact and, indeed, is broadly true. To the wide-ranging rule that many college athletes are either wholly or partially self-supporting, there are, certainly, exceptions. But when such instances are distributed among the 800-odd colleges and universities reporting to the United States Bureau of Education, almost all of which retain football teams, the well-to-do athlete becomes something of a rarity. Assistance extended to athletes who otherwise would not have thought of going to college, though it increases the disproportion; only emphasizes a condition that is grounded in much deeper causes. Athletic scholarships are in fact important for college athletes. The benefit is not often paid in cash. The partial or complete lessening of tuition through athletic scholarships generally entailed and often takes place in the offices of the institution, which devise methods of award to suit local conditions and the requirements of athletes. Values of athletic scholarships range from part or full tuition at the lower end of the scale, to allotments graduated in amount according to the number of teams for which the recipient is chosen.

Art Conclusive Essay

â€Å"All the best stories are but one story in reality – the story of escape. It is the only thing which interests us all and at all times, how to escape. † – AC Benson The concept of escape is central to the development of the theme in my work, We escape the mundane reality and boring routine of our daily lives through our dreams and ambitions. We dream to be different. We dream to be truly alive, in such a way that we can look back at our lives on day and think that we have truly reached our full potential and made the most out of each opportunity.However, often it is people’s and sometimes even our own perceptions of ourselves that keep us in â€Å"the box† and that â€Å"clip our wings† and thus prevent us from reaching our goals. We often live up to the stereotypes placed upon us because of our race, gender, financial standing, culture, nationality etc. To achieve our full potential, we must try to fly above these false perceptions and escape from that which prevents us from chasing our dreams – the banality of reality.ESCAPING THE BANALITY OF REALITY THROUGH NON-TRADITIONAL ART MEDIUMS Brian Dettmer, an American artist1, is an expert at transforming what is perceived and giving it new, true meaning. He is best known for his detailed and innovative sculptures with books and in recent years has established himself as one of the leading contemporary artists working with books today. His work deals with the concept of how information, material and history of our age is being lost, eroded and slipping away from us because it is no longer ‘real’ – it is virtual, digital information.He said, â€Å" In the tangible world we are left with a frozen material but in the intangible world we may be left with nothing. †2 Books, according to society have lost their relevance in their physical form and yet it’s richness and depth is universally respected but the book’s intended func tion has decreased. Dettmer thus alters the physical form and physical function as well as shifting the preconceived functions to allow new and unexpected roles to emerge. Much like my theme, he is taking away the frame that contains the ideas of the book and changing it to allow it’s true form to be revealed.He meticulously excavates or concisely alters the book so as to dissect communicative objects or systems and allows for its content to be recontextualised and new meanings and interpretations to emerge. The book, in essence thus breaks free and escapes from it’s bindings – its reality. From Dettmer, I investigated the idea of using paper as a medium. However, like Dettmer I wanted to portray the concept of â€Å"escape† through my medium. Naturally, â€Å"escape† makes me think of birds flying from a cage – but how to represent the birds and how represent the cage according to my theme?According to my theme it is perceptions that are tr apping us and our dreams and ambitions that are freeing us, and perceptions are all in the mind. I thus decided to make a white head from Plaster of Paris with my own face on, to make my work more personal. The white represents the dry, yeastless factuality that is reality and from the cranium I attached a wire spiral. In the dream world, nothing is realistic and as it seems – much like the way Dettmer represents the content of his books, and thus the birds shouldn’t be realistic. Wanting to make the unrealistic birds from paper, I opted to make origami cranes from bright optimistic colours.The colours represented the hope, joy and how vivid are dreams are, but mostly how full of life. To add further to the idea that the birds are escaping with our memories, i decided to use photographs from my Lomography film photographs to make the cranes at the the top of the spiral and have them unfolding out into one photograph with a drawing of a bird flying into the distance. th e work contributes to the theme of reality being â€Å"ripped apart† and the dreams coming together to reach new heights for the individual – perceptions being shed along the way.THE SYMBOLIC BALANCE BETWEEN THE LIVING AND THE â€Å"PRE-FABRICATED† EXPRESSED THROUGH METAPHORICAL VECTORS Sandrine Pelletier3, an artist I was drawn to because she borrows her creative and production processes from folk arts, from arts and crafts, ranging from their most worthy to their most trivial forms, as well as from DIY in order to conceive a body of free-standing works, all of which are underpinned by the notion of subversion and experimentation with the limits of materials. I loved how she made simple arts and crafts into exquisite works of art.I had always wanted to thread a form of tapestry – in the traditional way my grandmother did it, but wanted to incorporate my themes of perceptions, dreams and reality. I thus decided on the image of a ballerina – always perceived to be graceful, gentle, quiet women who were not outspoken or loud, but just polite. I could resonate with this concept on a personal level as when I was little people called me â€Å"Nina pretty ballerina† (from the ABBA song) and I despised it and to break away from the name I did karate. The ballerina is a wonderful symbol of being stereotyped and placed â€Å"in the box†.Pelletier did a piece titled â€Å"Flash Dance†4, I was greatly inspired by that represented two ballerina pumps worn on the tips with a trail of blood on material protruding from the back. This specific artwork made me think of the realities and difficulties of being a ballet dancer and all the physical and emotional strain they must take. This coincided with my theme in the way that it is not always easy to break away from the perceptions placed upon you and sometimes it takes blood, sweat and tears to achieve your goals and to make your dreams come true.As I wanted to create a l ink between what was â€Å"real† and â€Å"living† and the materialistic nature that is the perceptions of people (my threaded material ballerina tapestry), I decided to place the ballerina within an old bird cage. Inspired by Pelletier’s work, â€Å"The Goodbye Horses†5, I decided to hang threads from the bottom of my work. From the cage, I suspended many old keys at the bottom of the cage to represent the concept of escape. I also sketched realistic birds on material which I hung inside and around the cage to represent the freedom of one’s true inner self.My piece is more an introspective one that calls upon the viewer to reflect on him/herself and about who they really are as opposed to the person people see on the outside – the person they are perceived to be. In this way my work is like Pelletier’s in that her works free itself of all its tautology and escapes all systematic interpretation. It deconstructs conscious contexts and endows Pelletier to redefine her own work and to the answer the question of the function of art through logical means and to question the function if perceptions and stereotypes.It also implements an intuitive and automatic writing, in an attempt to capsulate her own perception of the world and it’s relation to the real world, to memory, to emotion, to identity, to the invisible.? PROCESS AND HOW IT STITCHES IDEAS TOGETHER Briann Dettmer starts with an existing book and seal its edges, creating an enclosed vessel full of unearthed potential. He cuts into the surface of the book and dissect through it from the front. He works with knives, tweezers and surgical tools to carve one page at a time, exposing each layer while cutting around ideas and images of interest. Nothing inside the books is relocated or implanted, only removed. Images and ideas are revealed to expose alternate histories and memories. His work is a collaboration with the existing material and its past creators and the completed pieces expose new relationships of the book’s internal elements exactly where they have been since their original conception.In this way, his process is much like mine regarding the folding of the origami cranes – I started by folding from existing paper the origami cranes. Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding and is a form of sculpting paper without the use of cutting or gluing7 – like Dettmer, I added nothing but only worked with the unearthed potential. The folds must be extremely precise. I then made the Plaster of Paris head using my own face as a mould. The piece was extremely time consuming, but all the planning was complete, so I had a rough guideline to work from.With my thematic piece, I had to develop my concepts a lot more as initially I wanted to suspend my threaded ballerina within a canvas. I however, developed my theme of escape more and thus came up with the old bird cage idea within which I suspended the ballerina alo ng with the material birds as well as hanging the antique keys. This piece was even more time consuming as I didn’t realise how much work had to be put into my tapestry. Both my work required skills I had to learn – the threading of the tapestry and the folding of the origami cranes.It took a lot of patience and practice to correct the techniques and make sure each individual aspect was as near perfect as could be. In the end I have created two art pieces that encouraged more personal growth than anything else, I hope however that the viewer will be able to my themes and be able to resonate with the message of my works. More than that, I hope the viewer will walk away feeling inspired to chase their dreams regardless of perceptions placed upon them and to break away from the weight of reality.I hope they will take flight in heart and soul and feel lighter and happier after seeing my works and to take reach for and take hold of their dreams. â€Å"Anyone can escape int o sleep, we are all geniuses when we dream, the butcher's the poet's equal there. † – Emile M Cioran Bibliography http://www. maskara. ch/index. php? /projects/flash-dance/ http://www. maskara. ch/index. php? /projects/goodbye-horses/ http://briandettmer. com/ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Origami